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WHO KILLED JOHN LENNON

by Fenton Bresler
(excerpts)

PART 1 and 2




"Laurel and Hardy, that's John and Yoko.
And we stand a better chance under that guise
because all the serious people like Martin Luther King
and Kennedy and Gandhi got shot
."
John Lennon

Bresler begins by questioning the "lone nut" theory. Since 1835, 15 men and 2 women have attacked "nationally prominent political leaders in sixteen separate incidents." Of those 17, only 3 have been ruled insane by law. Mark David Chapman was never found to be legally insane. "The 'lone nut' theory simply does not stand up as an all-embracing explanation covering all -- or even most -- instances of American political assassination. Bresler offers the possibility that "Lennon, the politically most active rock star of his generation... was shot dead outside his own home by a killer who was merely a tool, a human gun used and controlled by others to destroy a uniquely powerful radical figure who was likely to prove a rallying point for mass opposition to the policies soon to be implemented... by the new United States government headed by Ronald Reagan."

Bresler quotes the late radio journalist Mae Brussell, who broke the Watergate story 2 months before the Woodward-Bernstein expose'. Brussell had no doubts: "It was a conspiracy. Reagan had just won the election. They knew what kind of president he was going to be. There was only one man who could bring out a million people on demonstration in protest at his policies -- and that was Lennon."


Bresler speculates that Chapman was a "Manchurian Candidate," brainwashed and pre-programmed to kill on command. When the moment had arrived, Chapman received his signal and performed his task.

The CIA and Mind Control

In April 1950, the CIA began work on PROJECT BLUE- BIRD, the agency's fledgling attempt at mind control. "Within two years this had progressed into the substan- tially enlarged PROJECT ARTICHOKE. According to a later CIA internal memorandum, PROJECT ARTICHOKE was intended to 'exploit operational lines, scientific methods and knowledge that can be utilized in altering the attitudes, beliefs, thought processes and behaviour patterns of agent personnel. This will include the appli- cation of tested psychiatric and psychological techniques including the use of hypnosis in conjunction with drugs.' In turn, only one year later, in April 1953, PROJECT ARTI- CHOKE became MKULTRA, the generic name for a series of on-going investigations by the agency's Tech- nical Services Staff."


Some might object that pre-programming a subject to be a "killer on command" violates the common wisdom that one cannot be hypnotised to do something that is contray to one's individual morals. Yet not all "experts" are in agreement on this. For example Milton Kline, a New York psychologist and former president of the American Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis believes it is *not* impossible to create a "Manchurian Candi- date." According to Kline, "It cannot be done by every- one. It cannot be done consistently, but it can be done."


"There seems little doubt that sophisticated techniques have now reached the stage where, if murder is desired, a killer, once programmed and 'on hold', can be triggered into action."


Sirhan Sirhan

Bresler suggests that Sir- han Sirhan, the supposed lone assassin of Robert F. Kennedy, was a pre-programmed killer. Seven years after the RFK assas- sination, Sirhan was inter- viewed by psychiatrists. These recorded interviews were analyzed with the help of a Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE), a device which measures micro-tremors in the voice. Based on the PSE, former high-ranking intelligence
officer Charles McQuiston stated: "I'm convinced that Sirhan wasn't aware of what he was doing. He was in a hypnotic trance when he pulled the trigger... Everything in the PSE charts tells me that someone else was involved in the assassination -- and that Sirhan was programmed through hypnosis to kill RFK. What we have here is a real live 'Manchurian Candidate.'"

After examining Sirhan's PSE charts, Dr. John W. Heisse, Jr., president of the International Society of Stress Analysis, agreed with McQuiston: "Sirhan kept repeating certain phrases. This clearly revealed he had been programmed to put himself into a trance."



Part 2 of 2

"Listen, if anything happens to Yoko and me,
it was not an accident
."
John Lennon


Government Surveillance

During a December, 1971 rally at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), undercover FBI agents recorded remarks made by Lennon and others. This is only one case of many, all pointing to a pattern of consistent governmental spying upon Lennon. Under the Freedom of Information Act, Bresler obtained U.S. government files on Lennon. The files show that Lennon was under constant government surveillance, especially during the years 1971-1972.

For example, in an April 10, 1972 memorandum from J. Edgar Hoover to the FBI's New York office, Hoover orders his agents to "...promptly initiate discrete efforts to locate subject [Lennon] and remain aware of his activities and movements. Handle inquiries only through established sources... Careful attention should be given to reports that subject is heavy narcotics user and any information developed in this regard should be furnished to narcotics authorities and immediately furnished to bureau in form suitable for dissemination."

"Lennon knew from early in 1972 that he was under constant surveillance, being followed in the streets and with his telephone tapped." The ex-Beatle was aware of the surveillance by secret police agencies and so stated on several occasions. For example, in December 1975 he told

one interviewer, "We knew we were being wire-tapped... there was a helluva lot of guys coming in to fix the phones."

"Moral Turpitude"

One of the methods used by the U.S. government to harass Lennon was the threat of deportation. The government had extra leverage in its efforts due to a previous conviction against Lennon which charged him with "moral turpitude." On October 18, 1968, in Britain, Lennon and Ono had been arrested and charged with possession of 1.5 ounces of marijuana. Two weeks before the bust, Lennon had been warned that the police were out to get him because he was a "loudmouth." As a precaution, he had (as he put it) "cleaned the house out [of drugs]." Nevertheless, marijuana was found in the house by the police. According to Lennon, he had been set up. His opinion is backed up by the fact that the arresting officer was later sentenced to two years in prison for planting evidence in other cases.

In order that Ono would not be charged, Lennon "copped a plea". Charges against Yoko Ono were dropped and Lennon was fined and found guilty of "an offence of moral turpitude."

At the time of their arrest, Yoko Ono was pregnant and almost suffered a miscarriage. Although she was immediately hospitalized, a month later she lost the baby."On being told the

end of their child's unborn life was near, Lennon had a tape recorder brought into the hospital room and, with a stethoscope microphone, he recorded his second son's failing heartbeats before he died."

Political Activism

Examples of Lennon's political activism are seen in songs such as "Give Peace a Chance," "Power to the People," and "Working Class Hero." In an interview published in *Rolling Stone* (and later as a book entitled *Lennon Remembers*), Lennon called the song "Working Class Hero" a "...song for the revolution... It's for the people like me who are working class."

In the interview, Lennon further states that "...the people who are in control and in power, and the class system and the whole bullshit bourgeois scene is exactly the same except that there are a lot of middle-class kids with long hair walking around in trendy clothes... The same bastards are in control, the same people are runnin' everything... They're doing exactly the same things, selling arms to South Africa, killing blacks on the street, people are living in fucking poverty with rats crawling all over them. It's the same. It just makes you puke."

"With Lennon, rock had become revolutionary -- and for real. He and Yoko took part in demonstrations, they campaigned for a public inquiry into the case of James Hanratty, convicted of murder and hanged in the early 1960s... they marched for the IRA [Irish Republican Army] and they called for help for striking shipbuilders."

The Invisible Assassins

Bresler interviewed Arthur O'Connor, the lieutenant who was commanding officer of the twentieth precinct of the New York police that dealt with Lennon's murder. He quotes O'Connor as saying, "As far as you are trying to build up some kind of conspiracy, I would support you in that line. Like I said originally over the phone, if this gentleman [Chapman] wanted to get away with it, he could have got away with it. There was the subway across the road and no one around to stop him."
Instead, once Chapman had accomplished his task, he calmly sat and waited for police to come.

"Why one method rather than the other, the amateur as against the professional? Because that way you avoid any awkward questions. If Lennon had been gunned down by a professional killer, the whole world would have known: such swift expert assassinations carry their own individual hallmark. It would have been obvious what had happened and, with Lennon's history of anti-government radical political activity, there would have been [an in-depth investigation]."

"But if you program an amateur to do the job, a so-called 'nut', very few questions are asked."

____________
__________

Who Killed John Lennon? by Fenton Bresler

REVIEWED
by David Cogswell



Good Questions

When I first saw this title I said, "No, no, no. I'm not ready for this. I still haven't come to terms with several other murder conspiracies and I don't need this one."

I was inclined to take the story of Lennon's death at face value, that which was offered by the major media at the time. I certainly did not want to think there was something more sinister behind the Lennon killing.

When I picked up the book out of curiosity I found not the ravings of a "conspiracy nut," but a very coherent and rational investigation into the murderer. It had been "an open and shut" case, so few questions were ever raised about it at the time.

But the book reminded me that some of the reports about it had made me wonder vaguely at the time. I had not pursued the questions then and believed that I was being told the truth. Like others who loved John Lennon, I was grief stricken at the time and not inclined to ask a lot of questions. When news reports described Chapman's movements the week of the murder, they said he had traveled to Hawaii, to Chicago, sold some paintings, then traveled to New York. I wondered: if this guy is such a loser as they describe, who can barely get a job, where does he get the money to travel like this and deal in art?

Bresler's book picks up that thread and examines Chapman, where he came from, how he spent his life before he entered history as another "lone assassin," and provides some interesting speculation where, indeed, he may have found the means to travel and purchase expensive works of art. The resulting picture is not pretty, does not inspire confidence in U.S. government agencies.

Without engaging in any adventurous speculation, you can find information in the book which is extremely disturbing about the activities of the FBI. Some of the FBI documents on the surveillance of Lennon, which were obtained by Bresler through the Freedom of Information Act, reflect the frightening cloak-and-dagger mindset of agents of the bureau as they watch and take notes on Lennon as he goes to the deli to buy yogurt during a recording session, or whatever else his daily routines entailed. Whatever your final conclusion, it is hard not to at least be disturbed by how these people are spending your tax money.

I wish the book were still in p _____________________

fiba Publisher's Notes about John & Yoko

In 1968 the British Intelligence opera- tives in accordance with a CIA request busted John Len- non in his flat in Montague Square - for "cannabis pos- session". Sound familiar? That was so he would never be allowed to enter the USA as a foreigner with a criminal record. This was some time BEFORE he ever met Yoko Ono.

(Yoko was then married to Tony Cox, a NYC advertising executive and was in London with her 5-y-o daughter making movies.).

Lennon was already on an American secret services 'master list' of persons UNWANTED in the USA - with knowledge and complicity of the UK government. How- ever once he met Yoko (a USA citizen because of her marriage to Cox) Lennon's relationship now with her CHANGED the equation. They started living together right away and within six months she even had to be hospitalized because of a miscarriage.

The winter before all of this (1967-8) fiba had met Yoko at the Knokke-le-Zute (Belgium) International Experiment- al Film Festival.. She invited us to meet her at her flat off Baker Street in London a few weeks later. We told her about starting a film magazine called FILMBANK (fiba) and she offered to help us right away - mainly financially. The first hard-copy of fiba was released that spring.

She then met Lennon. They started making films together at their hideaway in a house in Weybridge belonging to Ringo Star. Lennon gave fiba the keys to his flat at 34 Montague Square (right) where he had been busted - so fiba could look after his mail and posses- sions. fiba were also given access to an office room at the Beatles headquarters on Saville Row called Apple.

Lennon & Ono also asked fiba to do something with the films they had just finished - Smiles and Two Virgins. fiba took
these two films to the 2nd Chicago International Film Festival in October 1968. Yoko and John were now beginning to be seen as an 'artistic couple' in America. While in the UK Yoko was being accused of 'breaking up' the Beatles by Paul McCartney.

Fioannula Flanagan cover of fiba 1968 .
John & Yoko cover of fiba 1969

Notice that fiba had been published by the Zero Press (started as long ago as 1948 in Paris), In 1964 in London (under the imprint Proudstage Books) the Zero Press released a book called WITHDRAWAL written by a young English poet named David Chapman. Who? Certainly not the Mark David Chapman who assas- sinated John Lennon in 1980 in NYC!! WITHDRAWAL was the first book ever published in the UK dealing with 'drug addiction'. A copy of that book was given to Yoko and John as a token of appreciation by fiba for all the help received from them. Strange gift?

(Left) Zero Paris1948 - (centre) Withdrawal London1964 - (right) zero Philadelphia1980

In NYC in 1956 when the Zero Press was publishing five hardcover books it's publisher (G P Solomos) was visited by two USA intelligence agents. They were expecting him to become a spook like themselves and start giving private information to them about 'writers' he had published. The writers they wanted to know about were Paul Bowles (then living in exile with his wife Jane Bowles in Tangiers). And they wanted to know about the pre-WW2 black American Richard Wright who was forced into exile in Paris because of the McCarthy witch hunts. They particularly wanted to know about the new young black writer from Harlem Zero published name James Baldwin. American blacks who could WRITE?!

Of course Zero blatantly refused such a proposal! However, ever since then (including the publishing of David Chapman's book in the UK) US and UK secret services agents have kept a close eye on everything fiba and Zero produced. US-UK ''freedom of speech' propaganda? Sound Iike a typical 'con- spiracy' hang-up? Better believe it! (Right - Baldwin in Switzerland in 1953)

John and Yoko began traveling: Gibraltar, Amsterdam - bed-ins, Give Peace a Chance. All the while Yoko un- hinging from Tony Cox and marrying John Lennon be- cause husbands of USA citizen wives have permission to ENTER USA territories. John in America after all?


Last professional photo of John & Yoko prior to his assassination.

Why wasn't John Lennon assassinated in Los Angeles during his break with Yoko - instead of New York City? He moved around Hollywood much freer than when living East Coast. Assassinating him in Hollywood would be a scenario TOO MUCH for Hollywood and the State of California to stomach for sure! Hollywood, the most 'patriotic' and 'flag waving' town in the entire USA, wouldn't dream of letting an 'assassination' happen on their doorstep. That place being the cradle of the most pro-Israel Mafia in all of the USA! Heaven forbid America's movie colony be tainted with the REAL enemy within and not the fake celluloid versions they portray in their tinsel-town films.


UK 'footballer' Dvid Beckham and his wife Victoria (Posh).

Now Hollywood have the likes of a photogenic British super sports star, David Beckham and his fashion-junky wife Victoria (Posh), to welcome with open arms as one of their own. Laying out the red-carpet and millions of Green-backs for the most superficial TALENT the Brits could possibly export abroad. In place of John Lennon? Hollywood can't wait to jump on the bandwagon and produce their own JUNK film version of Who Killed John Lennon!
UK-USA 'special relationship: LOVE/HATE'?!




Mark David Chapman
before
(left) and later (above right)

Also easier for the spooks to wait until his return to New York - which already had become death-valley prior to 9/11. Lennon's killer was given short shrift by calling him insane which warranted a shorter sentence. Add the Mark to his name and it begins to ring a bell?!

But no PUBLIC investigation in the USA over such a tragedy? Good ridden to bad rubbish? Even from the Brits who owed him so much for turning the UK into a superstar Popsicle state worldwide in the 1960s? A spent empire - having lost it all after WW2 by the German bombings and Americans confiscating every last ves- tiges of British Empire? Forcing the UK to 'borrow' mon- ey (with 2% interest) to pull itself up by its boot straps after WW2. Son devours fatherland? Pouring tons of Dollars into Germany and Japan free of charge (let alone interest!)? Who won that war?


David Chapman, London 1964
Have the Brits investigated any of their own citizens' death in a foreign country? Forget it! Princess Diana who? Talk about DENIAL?! And there's still Brian Ep- stein, the Beatles manager, whose questionable death was never investigated. They said he died of an 'overdose'. Of what? He was never known to be a

drug junky. Never mind. And Mark David Chapman sounds like he was invented by Hollywood hack screenwriters who had read David Chapman's book Withdrawal years before in London? Coincidence? Humble name for an assassin? Catcher & the Rye indeed! The American/United Kingdom 'special relationship' is stronger than ever! At least at the top of those Government's Secret Services brigades - and the Blair/Bush cabal all the wiser. Dig? Wait 50 more years before secret files can be released - to discover WHAT? HERE

 

CONTENTS fiba 2007
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FILMBANK 2007

Year of the PIG